Variability in Cornhusk Traits of Landraces from the State of Puebla, Mexico

Maize (Zea mays L.) germplasm accessions in Mexico have been studied for grain yield and other traits. The cornhusk, or totomoxtle, is more important than the grain for Mexican peasant farmers because it generates increased income. However, limited information is available on the level of phenotypic variation in cornhusk traits, and few studies have been performed on the potential of maize landraces for the production of cornhusk. This study assessed maize landraces from three regions in Mexico. These landraces (as well as checks) were evaluated at multiple locations using lattice designs. The measured variables included the per‐plant grain yield, cornhusk length and width, ear coverage, and cornhusk, peduncle and ear weight. A cluster analysis of the data from the three regions grouped populations according to their region of origin. Morphological diversity within the cornhusk traits among maize landraces was found in the three regions, and landraces from Tehuacan had the greatest potential for cornhusk production. The measured cornhusk traits were superior in the maize landraces compared with those of the improved hybrids. The cornhusk weight, length and width, and ear coverage were the most effective traits for grouping according to population origin and discriminating among the populations. Thus, these traits are proposed as phenotypic selection criteria for identifying promising maize populations and initiating breeding programs for improved cornhusk production.