Economic analysis of integrated crop management practices of 'Navel' oranges

The effect of various integrated crop management practices on productivity (fruit yield, grade, and size) and returns of 'Washington Navel' oranges [Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck] was determined in the San Joaquin Valley of California. Seventy-two combinations of treatments comprised of three irrigation levels [80%, 100%, and 120% evapotranspiration demand (ETc)], three N fertilizer levels (low, medium and high based on 2.3%, 2.5%, and 2.7% leaf N, respectively), gibberellic acid (+/-), miticide (+/-), and fungicide-nematicide (+/-) were induced in the analysis Using a partial budgeting procedure, returns after costs were calculated for each treatment combination. Costs of treatments, harvesting, packing, and processing were subtracted from the value of the crop. The value of the crop was calculated as the sum of returns of crop in each size and grade category. The overall result indicated that returns after costs were higher for the +fungicide-nematicide treatment and also were generally more with increased irrigation. The combination of 120% ETc, +fungicide-nematicide, medium or high N, -miticide, and -gibberellin showed the highest return of all treatment combinations. Second highest returns were obtained with high N or with miticide and gibberellin used together