Bias-induced impedance effect of the current-carrying conductors

The paper presents the previously unstudied properties of current-carrying conductors utilising impedance spectroscopy. The purpose of the article is to present discovered properties that are the significant context of impedance research. The methodology is based on the superposition of test signals and bias affecting the objects under study. These are the main results obtained in this work: the studied objects have an additional low-frequency impedance during the passage of an electric current; the bias-induced impedance effect (ZBI-effect) is noticeably manifested in the range of 0.01 Hz … 100 Hz and it has either capacitive or inductive nature or both types, depending on the bias level (current density) and material types. The experiments in this work were done using open and covered wires made of pure metals, alloys, and non-metal conductors, such as graphite rods. These objects showed the ZBI-effect that distinguishes them from other objects, such as standard resistors of the same rating, in which this phenomenon does not occur. The ZBI-effect was modeled by equivalent circuits. Particular attention is paid to assessing the consistency of experimental data. Understanding the nature of this effect can give impetus to the development of a new type of instrument in various fields.