A Study on Antibiogram and Beta-lactam Resistance of Proteus mirabilis Isolated from Animals and Humans in Andhra Pradesh, India

Background: Proteus mirabilis is one of the organisms which is often associated with urinary tract infections of humans as well as animals. As a member of Enterobacteriaceae family, the level of antimicrobial resistance tend to pose a significant public health risk. Hence, the present study was undertaken to study antibiogram profiles, multidrug resistance P. mirabilis isolates and detection of β-lactamase activity in them.Methods: A total of 175 P. mirabilis isolates from different sources were subjected to antibiotic sensitivity/ resistant test by Kirby Bauer disc diffusion method. Detection of ESBL production was done phenotypically by Phenotypic Screening Test and Phenotypic Confirmation Test as recommended by CLSI guidelines and genotypically using multiplex PCR assay to detect different classes of β-lactamase genes. This study was carried out from March 2017 to August 2018 in and around areas of Krishna District Andhra Pradesh.Result: Out of 175 P. mirabilis isolates screened, antibiogram revealed highest sensitivity towards gentamicin (76.57%), followed by ampicillin (64.57%), kanamycin (61.14%), amikacin (60.57%) and streptomycin (43.42%). Higher resistance was observed for erythromycin (71.42%), nalidixic acid (62.85%), ciprofloxacin (62.85%), tetracycline (60%), polymyxin-B (60%), cefoxitin (49.14%) and amikacin (36%). β-lactamase genes were detected in a total of 23 isolates (13.14%). Prevalence rates of β-lactamase genes among different samples was 23.6%, 11.1%, 10.8% and 42.8% from chicken, pork, poultry cloacal swabs and human urine samples, respectively with blaTEM being the predominant gene detected (69.56%) followed by blaOXA (26.08%), blaAmpC gene FOX (13.04%), blaCTX-M group I (4.34%), blaSHV (4.34%) and blaAmpC gene CIT (4.34%) among all the tested P. mirabilis isolates.