Preclinical Animal Models of Renal Disease

Acute Renal Failure (ARF) is a serious condition where the kidneys suddenly stop working, commonly caused by drug-related injury. This article aims to give a detailed explanation of different animal models used to study ARF, focusing on the biomarkers linked with this condition. When administering drugs to animals, it is essential to be mindful of the potential for ARF to occur. Nephrotoxic drugs like cisplatin, methotrexate, acyclovir, Cyclosporine, folic acid, amphotericin B, and amikacin can induce ARF if the dosage and duration of exposure are not adequately regulated to match the clinical scenario. Careful monitoring is crucial to ensuring the safety and well-being of the animals under our care. This article contains various screening models for ARF caused by various allopathic drugs like glycerol, acyclovir, amikacin, amphotericin B, Isoniazid-Rifampicin, cisplatin, folic acid, diclofenac, and lithium. The intrinsic toxicity of these medications also plays a significant role in the ensuing Acute Kidney Injury (AKI), and the kidney is probably more vulnerable to damage than other organs. These medications can be hazardous and their effects on the glomerulus and/or tubules can be caused by oxidative damage, hypersensitivity responses, altered hemodynamics, and tubule blockage. This article aims to provide a thorough description of the model used and to examine the findings in relation to that particular model. This approach can yield valuable insights and help ensure the findings’ accuracy and relevance.