El esquema de residencias médicas en Colombia: entre lo laboral y lo estatal

Law 1917 of 2018 created the National System of Medical Residences, which regulates everything related to the benefit situation and the conditions in which residents, that is, those who are completing their studies in medical specializationwill carry out their training in health care institutions (IPS). Essentially, the standard has two fundamental aspects: the contract for the training of residents concluded between the resident and the IPS; and the fund for its financing, administered by the Administrator of the Resources of the General Health Social Security System. As it is a sui generis situation that does not have a national legislative precedent until the issuance of the law in 2018 -a rule that would later be regulated by resolutions and that would be the subject in June 2020 of the issuance of an operational manual of the Ministry of Health, It is therefore important to determine the legal nature of the special contract and the financing fund. To do this, a hermeneutic method was used that starts from the analysis of the background of the norm from the Latin American and local experiences. From this, the characteristics of the scheme were identified and the special contract financed essentially by the State was characterized under the current law, the regulations and the operating manual. In addition, special State procurement schemes are categorized under four criteria: (i) by fund, (ii) by entity, (iii) by sector and (iv) by contract. Finally, it will be concluded that both the special contract and the fund that will allow its financing are special procurement regimes. La Ley 1917 de 2018 crea el Sistema Nacional de Residencias Médicas, que regula todo lo relacionado con la situación prestacional y las condiciones en las cuales los residentes, es decir, quienes se encuentran culminando sus estudios en especialización médico-quirúrgica, llevarán a cabo su formación en las instituciones prestadoras de salud (IPS). Esencialmente, la norma tiene dos aspectos fundamentales: el contrato para la práctica formativa de residentes celebrado entre el residente y las IPS; y el fondo para su financiación, administrado por la Administradora de los Recursos del Sistema General de Seguridad Social en Salud. Por tratarse de una situación sui generis que no cuenta con antecedente legislativo nacional hasta la expedición de la ley en 2018 —norma que con posterioridad sería reglamentada mediante resoluciones y que sería objeto en junio de 2020 de la ex