Microfauna in the activated sludge treatment of the effluent from a soybean processing industry: a form of evaluation and control of the process
ABSTRACT Wastewater treatment system by activated sludge, the purification of the organic matter by specific heterogeneous microorganisms, occurs in the presence of oxygen in aeration tanks. The analysis of the microfauna present in the sludge is an important indicator of the performance and efficie...
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Veröffentlicht in: | Engenharia Sanitaria e Ambiental 2023, Vol.28 |
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Sprache: | eng |
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Zusammenfassung: | ABSTRACT Wastewater treatment system by activated sludge, the purification of the organic matter by specific heterogeneous microorganisms, occurs in the presence of oxygen in aeration tanks. The analysis of the microfauna present in the sludge is an important indicator of the performance and efficiency of the activated sludge system. Considering this importance, the objective of this work was to identify the microorganisms which are part of the microfauna present in the aeration tank of the effluent treatment plant of a soybean processing industry in the state of Mato Grosso, evaluating the biological activity of the sludge and the efficiency of the process. Protozoa and bacteria were identified through electronic microscopy and physical-chemical analyses such as pH, dissolved oxygen, nitrogen, phosphorus, BOD, COD, suspended solids, and SVI. During the study, it was possible to identify bacteria related to flake formation, organic matter degradation, nitrification and denitrification, and also microorganisms such as thecamoebas, micrometazoa, fixed ciliates and ciliates free natantes, characterizing the process with good purification and the structure of the sludge flakes between ideal and filamentous bulking with a high sludge age. The identification of the microfauna present was efficient as a bioindicator of the treatment system condition with removal of BOD and COD of 59.75 and 67.09%, respectively.
RESUMO No sistema de tratamento de efluentes por lodo ativado ocorre a depuração da matéria orgânica por microrganismos heterogêneos específicos, em presença de oxigênio nos tanques de aeração. A análise da microfauna presente no lodo é um importante indicador do desempenho e da eficiência do sistema de lodos ativados. Diante disso, o objetivo do trabalho foi identificar os microrganismos que compõem a microfauna do tanque de aeração da estação de tratamento de efluentes de uma indústria alimentícia processadora de soja do estado de Mato Grosso, avaliando a atividade biológica do lodo e a eficiência do processo. Foi realizada a identificação dos protozoários e das bactérias pela microscopia eletrônica, e fizeram-se as análises físico-químicas de pH, oxigênio dissolvido, nitrogênio, fósforo, demanda bioquímica de oxigênio, demanda química de oxigênio, sólidos suspensos e índice volumétrico de lodo. Durante o estudo, foi possível observar as bactérias relacionadas na formação do floco, na degradação da matéria orgânica, na nitrificação e na desnitrificação, |
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ISSN: | 1413-4152 1809-4457 1809-4457 |
DOI: | 10.1590/s1413-415220220102 |