Effects of income smoothing practices on the conservatism of public companies listed on the BM & FBOVESPA

The aim of this study was to investigate two aspects of accounting information that may be inherently related: income smoothing practices and conditional conservatism. Theoretically, the more a firm employs income smoothing, i.e., uses accruals to reduce the variability of profits, the less possibility there is for the timely acknowledgement of future economic losses (i.e., bad economic news) in profits. Eckel's model (1981) was used in this study to classify listed companies as smoothing or non-smoothing, and Basu's model (1997) was used to quantify the degree of conditional conservatism present in each firm. To make the results more robust, samples were created with annual stock return data from both March and December. The results indicated that non-smoothing firms had a higher degree of conditional conservatism, i.e., more opportunity to recognize future economic losses because the market could use the stock return data to anticipate future losses contained in the information regarding profits. This research made it possible to observe theoretical relationships between properties of accounting information: i) there is a relationship between income smoothing and conditional conservatism (i.e., accounting choices); ii) the informational environment of the Brazilian capital market contributes to the market distinction between smoothing and non-smoothing firms; and iii) the improvement of the capital market provides economic operators with greater insight into economic losses that are contained in accounting results. O presente estudo procura investigar duas propriedades da informação contábil que podem estar inerentemente relacionadas: a prática de suavização de resultados e o conservadorismo condicional. Em âmbito teórico, quanto maior a suavização de resultados, utilizando os accruals para reduzir a variabilidade dos lucros, menor será a capacidade do retorno das ações de reconhecer oportunamente as perdas econômicas futuras (más notícias) contidas nos lucros. Para operacionalizar a pesquisa, foram utilizados os modelos de Eckel (1981) para classificação das companhias abertas em suavizadoras e não suavizadoras de resultados, e o modelo de Basu (1997) para identificar o grau de conservadorismo condicional presente em cada grupo. Para aumentar a robustez dos resultados, foram criadas amostras com os retornos anuais das ações em março e dezembro; posteriormente as amostras foram segregadas entre firmas suavizadoras e não suavizadoras de resultados. As evi