Observações sobre o diagnóstico laboratorial e a epidemiologia da leishmaniose tegumentar no Estado do Paraná, sul do Brasil

De 1986 a 1997 foram encaminhados ao Laboratório de Ensino e Pesquisa em Análises Clínicas, da Universidade Estadual de Maringá, 1418 pacientes suspeitos de leishmaniose tegumentar para diagnóstico laboratorial. Os testes utilizados foram a intradermorreação de Montenegro, reação de imunofluorescência indireta, pesquisa direta, isolamento e identificação de Leishmania. Destes pacientes, 955 (67,3%) apresentaram pelo menos um dos testes positivo, entre os quais 804 (84,2%) contraíram a infecção no Estado do Paraná, 665 (69,6%) tinham de 15 a 49 anos de idade, 658 (68,9%) eram do sexo masculino, 523 (54,8%) foram diagnosticados nos 3 primeiros meses de evolução da lesão e 74 (7,7%) apresentavam comprometimento nasobucofaríngeo. Dos 83 municípios do Estado do Paraná envolvidos, destacaram-se São Jorge do Ivaí (10,2%), Doutor Camargo (9,8%), Terra Boa (7,3%), Maringá (7,3%), Jussara (6,0%) e Cianorte (4,5%). Foram isoladas 77 cepas de Leishmania (Viannia) braziliensis, predominando (63,6%) o serodema 1. Between 1986 and 1997 a total of 1418 patients were examined at the Clinical Analysis Teaching and Research Laboratory of Maringá State University (LEPAC/UEM) for cutaneous leishmaniasis by direct examination of stained smears made from the lesions, the Montenegro skin test and the indirect immunofluorescent antibody test. Nine hundred and fifty five patients (67.3%) were positive for at least one of the three tests and of these 804 (84.2%) were considered to have contracted the disease in Paraná State; 665 (69.6%) were between 15 and 49 years old; 658 (68.9%) were males; 523 (54.8%) sought medical advice during the first three months of their infections and 74 (7.7%) had mucosal lesions. Of the 83 counties of Paraná State, where the patients had most probably acquired their infections, 44.7% were from the counties of São Jorge do Ivaí (10.2%), Doutor Camargo (9.8%), Terra Boa (7.3%), Maringá (7.3%), Jussara (6.0%) and Cianorte (4.5%). Seventy seven strains of Leishmania (Viannia) braziliensis were isolated and 63.6% of these strains belong to serodema 1.