Temporal dynamics of the superdominant bracken fern Pteridium arachnoideum in Neotropical savanna-riparian forest transitions

Abstract Clonal growth can be especially advantageous in spatially heterogeneous environments and some clonal plants are highly invasive or superdominant, especially in disturbed environments. However, their temporal dynamics in the absence of large disturbances are not well known. We assessed wheth...

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Veröffentlicht in:Rodriguésia 2023, Vol.74
Hauptverfasser: Dodonov, Pavel, Xavier, Rafael de Oliveira, Matos, Dalva Maria da Silva
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Sprache:eng
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Zusammenfassung:Abstract Clonal growth can be especially advantageous in spatially heterogeneous environments and some clonal plants are highly invasive or superdominant, especially in disturbed environments. However, their temporal dynamics in the absence of large disturbances are not well known. We assessed whether patches dominated by the native bracken fern Pteridium arachnoideum expanded or retracted in area over six years. We mapped the contour of eight patches occupied by P. arachnoideum in a savanna-forest transition every two years from 2009 to 2015. The area occupied by most patches was overall stable, indicating that forested patch boundaries may be unsuitable for an effective vegetative spread of P. arachnoideum. One patch fully retracted during the study period, possibly due to extensive herbivory by leafcutter ants. Thus, although clonal foraging may enable the spread of the species to more suitable sites from these patches, these results indicate that P. arachnoideum does not represent a threat to the biodiversity of savanna-riparian forest transitions in the absence of extensive disturbances, as the area of the largest patches remained stable or decreased during our study. These findings highlight that specific characteristics of the local disturbance regime may be key to the cost-effective management of some superdominant native species. Resumo O crescimento clonal tende a ser especialmente vantajoso em ambientes espacialmente heterogêneos e algumas plantas clonais são altamente invasivas ou superdominantes, especialmente em ambientes perturbados. No entanto, a sua dinâmica temporal na ausência de distúrbios maiores não é bem conhecida. Nós acompanhamos manchas dominadas pela samambaia nativa Pteridium arachnoideum ao longo de um período de seis anos para avaliar se elas aumentaram ou diminuíram de tamanho durante este tempo. Nós amostramos seis manchas ocupadas por P. arachnoideum em uma transição entre floresta e savana e mapeamos o seu contorno de dois em dois anos, de 2009 a 2015. Não houve incêndios na área de estudo durante este período e a área ocupada pela maioria das manchas se manteve no geral estável, indicando que limites de manchas de floresta parecem não serem adequadas para uma expansão vegetativa efetiva do P. arachnoideum. Além disso, uma mancha retraiu completamente durante o tempo de estudo, possivelmente devido a herbivoria intensa por formigas-cortadeiras. Assim, embora forrageamento clonal possa permitir o espalhamento desta espécie
ISSN:0370-6583
2175-7860
DOI:10.1590/2175-7860202374078