PHYSIOLOGICAL RESPONSES OF PEANUT CROPS TO IRRIGATION WITH BRACKISH WATERS AND APPLICATION OF ORGANO-MINERAL FERTILIZERS

ABSTRACT The use of organo-mineral fertilizer is an alternative measure to mitigate salt stress in semiarid regions. Thus, the objective of this work was to evaluate the physiological indexes of peanut crops under irrigations with fresh and brackish waters and applications of organo-mineral fertilizers. The experiment was conducted from June to September, 2019, at the Universidade da Integração Internacional da Lusofonia Afro-Brasileira (UNILAB), in Redenção, state of Ceará, Brazil, using a completely randomized experimental design in a 5 × 2 factorial arrangement, with four replications. The treatments consisted of five soil fertilizers (F1= 100% NPK mineral fertilizer at the recommended rate; F2= 100% bovine manure-based biofertilizer; F3= 100% plant ash; F4= 50% mineral fertilizer and 50% bovine manure-based biofertilizer; and F5= 50% mineral fertilizer and 50% plant ash); and two salinity levels (electrical conductivities) of the irrigation water (1.0 and 5.0 dS m-1). Photosynthetic rate, transpiration, stomatal conductance, leaf temperature, internal CO2 concentration, water use efficiency, and chlorophyll index of the plants were evaluated at 40 and 54 days after sowing (DAS). Plants irrigated with fresh water presented higher stomatal conductance, photosynthetic rate, and transpiration, regardless of the fertilizer used. The use of 100% bovine manure-based biofertilizer resulted in decreases in salt stress and increases in water use efficiency at 40 DAS, and decreases in leaf temperature and increases in relative chlorophyll content at 54 DAS. RESUMO A adubação organomineral é uma alternativa para mitigar o estresse salino em regiões semiáridas. Baseado nisso, objetivou-se avaliar a adubação organomineral sob os índices fisiológicos na cultura do amendoim irrigado com água de baixa e alta salinidade. O experimento foi realizado no período de junho a setembro de 2019, na Universidade da Integração Internacional da Lusofonia Afro-Brasileira (UNILAB), no município de Redenção, Ceará, em delineamento experimental inteiramente casualizado, fazendo uso do esquema fatorial 5 × 2, com quatro repetições. Os tratamentos consistiram em cinco fertilizantes de solo (F1= 100% fertilizante mineral NPK na taxa recomendada; F2= 100% biofertilizante à base de esterco bovino; F3= 100% cinza vegetal; F4= 50% fertilizante mineral e 50% biofertilizante à base de esterco bovino; e F5= 50% fertilizante mineral e 50% de cinzas de plantas); e dois níveis de salinidade (condu