Types of traumatic dental injuries to the primary dentition and the surface against which they occurred

ABSTRACT Objectives The aims of this retrospective study were to investigate the types of traumatic dental injury recorded in an oral health service within a ten-year period and to report the type of surface against which the traumatic dental injury occurred. Methods Dental records from children assisted in the Dental Trauma Clinic at the Rio de Janeiro State University’s School of Dentistry, between 2006 and 2016, were analyzed. Only those records who had registered some type of trauma in the primary anterior teeth (incisors and canines) and aged 0-96 months at the time of trauma were considered eligible for the study. Results Four hundred and eighty-three dental records were included, totalizing 786 traumatized teeth. The average age when traumatic dental injury occurred was 37.25 months (±18.62). Enamel fractures (32.8%) and intrusive luxations (45.6%) were the most prevalent types of trauma. The majority of traumas occurred against ceramic surfaces (34%). The greatest number of teeth with lateral luxation were the ones that hit against a ceramic surface (p=0.014; U Mann-Whitney test). According to this study, the most prevalent type of trauma in the dental tissue and pulp was enamel fracture and in the periodontal tissue was intrusive luxation. The majority of traumas occurred due to falls, at home and against ceramic surfaces. Conclusion The results showed that a high frequency of the lateral luxation was associated to a traumatic impact against ceramic surfaces. RESUMO Objetivos Investigar de forma retrospectiva os tipos de traumatismo alveolodentário ocorridos em um atendimento de saúde bucal durante um período de dez anos e relatar os tipos de superfícies contra as quais os traumatismos ocorreram. Métodos Foram selecionados prontuários de crianças atendidas na Clínica de Traumatismo Dentário na Faculdade de Odontologia da Universidade Estadual do Rio de Janeiro, entre os anos de 2006 e 2016. Os prontuários considerados elegíveis para esse estudo foram os das crianças que possuíam algum tipo de traumatismo em dentes anteriores na dentição decídua (incisivos e caninos) e tinham de 0-96 meses de idade. Resultados Foram incluídas no estudo 483 prontuários com um total de 786 dentes acometidos por traumatismos. A média de idade em que os traumatismos ocorram foi de 37,25 meses (±18.62). As fraturas de esmalte (32,8%) e as luxações intrusivas (45,6%) foram os tipos de trauma mais prevalentes. A maioria dos traumatismos ocorreu contra superfícies de cerâm