Relationship between pregestational nutritional status and type of processing of foods consumed by high-risk pregnant women

Abstract Objectives: to relate pregestational nutritional status, maternal age and number of pregnancies to the distribution of macronutrients and micronutrients according to the type of processing offoods consumed by high-risk pregnant women. Methods: a retrospective cross-sectional study was carried out with data from medical records of 200 pregnant women served by a public outpatient clinic in Rio Grande do Sul from 2014 to 2016. Results: the mean percentages of lipids, monounsaturated fatty acids, polyunsaturated fatty acids and sodium intake were higher among ultra-processed foods. There was a significant inverse correlation between maternal age and total calorie intake (p=0.003) and percentage of carbohydrates (p=0.005) and proteins (p=0.037) from ultra-processed foods. There was also a significant association between pregestational nutritional status and total calorie intake (p=0.018) and percentage of carbohydrates (p=0.048) from ultra-processed foods. Conclusions: the mean percentages of lipids, monounsaturated fatty acids, polyunsaturated fatty acids and sodium intake were higher among ultra-processed foods. It was observed that the older the maternal age of high-risk pregnant women, the lower the intake of total calories and percentages of carbohydrates and proteins from ultra-processed foods. It was also observed that pregestational nutritional status was significantly associated with the intake of total calories and percentage of carbohydrates from ultra-processed foods. Resumo Objetivos: relacionar o estado nutricional pré-gestacional, a idade materna e o número de gestações com a distribuição de macronutrientes e micronutrientes conforme o tipo de processamento dos alimentos consumidos por gestantes de alto risco. Métodos: estudo retrospectivo transversal, realizado a partir de dados de prontuários de 200 gestantes atendidas em um ambulatório público do Rio Grande do Sul, no período de 2014 a 2016. Resultados: a média de consumo em percentuais de lipídios, ácidos graxos monoinsaturados, poli-insaturados e sódio foi maior entre os alimentos ultraprocessados. Observou-se correlação significativamente inversa entre a idade materna e o consumo de calorias totais (p=0,003), percentuais de carboidratos (p=0,005) e proteínas (p=0,037) provenientes de alimentos ultraprocessados. Verificou-se também associação significativa entre o estado nutricional pré-gestacional e o consumo de calorias totais (p=0,018) e percentual de carboidrato (p=0,048) proven