Quality of the diet of pregnant women in the scope of Primary Health Care

ABSTRACT Objective To evaluate the quality of the diet of the pregnant women monitored by the Family Health Strategy teams and associated factors. Methods This is a population-based cross-sectional study, carried out with 1244 pregnant women between 2018 and 2019. The Diet Quality Index Adapted for Pregnant Women was used to measure the quality of the diet and associate it with risk factors (sociodemographic, obstetric, clinical, behavioral, nutritional status) during the pregnancy. A hierarchical model composed of three blocks was used. A multinomial logistic regression was applied. Results The general average of this Diet Quality Index was 72.75 points, the average of the 1st tercile was 56.06 points, the average of the 2nd tercile was 73.71 points and the average of the 3rd was 88.51 points. The worst diet quality was related to pregnant women with lower education (OR=2.36; 95% CI=1.39-4.01), sedentary women (OR=1.37; 95% CI=1.17-2, 61), those who had a negative self-perception of food (OR=2.00; 95% CI=1.45-2.76) and who had 3 to 5 meals a day (OR=1.83; 95% CI=1.26-2.77), and less than 3 (OR=2.64; 95% CI=1.13-6.18). Conclusion The present study identified that pregnant women with less education, sedentary, and with inadequate nutritional characteristics presented worse diet qualities. RESUMO Objetivo Avaliar a qualidade da dieta das gestantes acompanhadas pelas equipes da Estratégia da Saúde da Familia e fatores associados. Métodos Trata-se de um estudo tranversal de base populacional, realizado com 1244 gestantes entre 2018 e 2019. O Índice de Qualidade da Dieta Adaptado para Gestantes foi utilizado para mensurar a qualidade da dieta adotada pelas gestantes e associá-la a fatores de risco (sociodemográficos, obstétricos, clínicos, comportamentais, estado nutricional) durante a gravidez. Utilizou-se um modelo hierárquico composto por três blocos. Aplicou-se a regressão logística multinomial. Resultados Observou-se que a média geral do Índice de Qualidade da Dieta foi de 72,75 pontos, sendo que a média do 1º tercil foi de 56,06 pontos; a média do 2º tercil foi de 73,71 pontos e que a do 3º tercil foi de 88,51 pontos. A dieta de pior qualidade esteve relacionada a gestantes com menor escolaridade (OR=2,36; 95% IC=1,39-4,01), sedentárias (OR=1,37 95% IC=1,17-2,61), que apresentavam autopercepção negativa da alimentação (OR=2,00; 95% IC=1,45-2,76) e que faziam de três a cinco refeições ao dia (OR=1,83; 95% IC=1,26-2,77) e menos de três (OR=2,64 ; 95% IC=1,1