Hybrid effect on tensile, flexural, and quasi-static punch shear behavior of jute/ramie and jute/flax reinforced hybrid composites

The high specific properties and environmental durability of synthetic fibers make them a popular choice for reinforcing lightweight composites. Unfortunately, they are often limited by their poor biodegradability and high cost. Nevertheless, natural fibers are critical in industrial applications due to their environmental and economic benefits. This study investigated the tensile and flexural behavior of natural hybrid jute/ramie and jute/flax composites with different stacking sequences. A quasi-static punch shear test was also performed to understand their deformation behavior. Jute, ramie, and flax composites have also been fabricated for comparison. Tensile and flexural tests showed a positive hybrid effect in some samples, whereas flax–jute hybrid composites in two different stacking sequences exhibited a synergistic effect. While a maximum improvement of 37.99 % was achieved in the tensile test, this rate was 64.81 % in the flexural test with these hybrid composites. According to punch shear experiments, punch geometry and stacking sequence considerably impact punch shear strength, energy absorption capacity, and deformation.