Artificial intelligence, big data, and blockchain in food safety

Food safety plays an essential role in our daily lives, and it becomes serious with the development of worldwide trade. To tackle the food safety issues, many advanced technologies have been developed to monitor the process of the food industry (FI) to ensure food safety, including the process of food production, processing, transporting, storage, and retailing. These technologies are often referred to as artificial intelligence (AI), big data, and blockchain, which have been widely applied in many research areas. In this review, we introduce these technologies and their applications in the food safety domain. Firstly, basic concepts of these technologies are presented. Then, applications for food safety from a data perspective based on these technologies are analyzed. Finally, future challenges of the applications of AI, big data, and blockchain are discussed.