Predicting the presence of MEN1 gene mutation based on the clinical phenotype of patients with primary hyperparathyroidism

BACKGROUND: Timely referral of patients for genetic testing to rule out MEN1-associated primary PHPT is important factor in determining treatment strategy and prognosis. In the context of the limited availability of genetic testing, the search for clinical markers indicative of MEN1 gene mutations remains an extremely relevant task. AIM : To determine the diagnostic value of clinical features of primary PHPT in young patients for predicting the presence of MEN1 gene mutations. MATERIALS AND METHODS : A single-center, prospective study was conducted at the Endocrinology Research Centre, involving 273 patients with PHPT in the period 2015–2022. Based on the results of genetic and laboratory tests, patients were divided into three groups: those with MEN1 gene mutations (MEN+ group, n=71), those without MEN1 gene mutations — isolated sporadic PHPT (MEN- group, n=158), and patients with PHPT and associated endocrine gland disorders — MEN-1 syndrome phenocopies (PHEN group, n=32). Subgroups of patients younger than 40 years of age were also identified. Comparative analysis was performed among the independent groups and subgroups, and logistic regression analysis was used to develop a mathematical model for predicting the probability of the presence of MEN1 gene mutation. RESULTS: Patients in the MEN+ and MEN- groups were comparable by gender and age at manifestation, as well as calcium-phosphorus metabolism parameters and PHPT complications. In the PHEN group, PHPT manifested at older age compared to the other groups (p