Differential diagnosis of normocalcemic hyperparathyroidism and idiopathic hypercalciuria on the example of clinical case

Idiopathic hypercalciuria is a heterogeneous generalized disorder caused by various defects in calcium transport and increased urinary calcium excretion. The main etiopathogenetic factors are violations of vitamin D metabolism, changes in the sensitivity of calcitriol receptors and violations of the processes of calcium reabsorption in the proximal tubules and in the ascending knee of the Henle loop. This article presents a clinical observation of patient with idiopathic hypercalciuria, initially high levels of parathyroid hormone (PTH) in the absence of hyperparathyroidism. Therapy with thiazide diuretics allowed to achieve normalization of daily urinary calcium excretion and reducing PTH. Despite the low prevalence of idiopathic hypercalciuria, differential diagnosis of this metabolic disorder should be carried out with mandatory consideration of clinical and laboratory data, as well as with diseases that may cause increased PTH production.