BIOTECHNOLOGICAL POTENTIAL OF THE SIBERIAN STRAINS OF BASIDIOMYCETES – PRODUCERS OF LIG-NOLYTIC AND CELLULOLYTIC ENZYMES

The results of a study of the wood-destroying properties of Siberian strains of xylotrophic basidiomycetes (Armillaria, Ganoderma, Fomitopsis, Heterobasidion and Porodaedalea) are presented. The growth parameters and enzymatic activity of the strains were determined during solid-phase and deep cultivation. Fomitopsis pinicola and Ganoderma lucidum are fast-growing fungi on cellulose-, tannin-containing nutrient media, coniferous and deciduous plant substrates (source and hydrodynamically activated). The growth coefficient on media with tannin and Na-carboxymethyl cellulose is more than 45; on plant substrates - more than 30. The strains exhibit a different growth reaction to the preliminary activation of birch sawdust (growth acceleration / growth slowdown / indifference). The maximum wood-destroying activity on wood of A. sibirica noted for the fungi A. borealis, G. tsugae, G. lucidum, F. pinicola, and P. niemelaei. The decrease in substrate mass was 8–11%; the amount of polysaccharides decreased on average 1.4 times mainly due to the fermentolysis of hard-hydrolyzable polysaccharides. High enzymatic activity of fungi observed during solid-phase and deep cultivation with an inducer. The maximum activity of phenol oxidase is characteristic of G. tsugae (1.21 units/g·s); carboxymethyl cellulase – for F.pinicola and G. lucidum strains (11.8 and 10.3 units/ml, respectively); xylanases – for H. abietinum (3.8 u/ml). The maximum accumulation of extracellular protein observed in F. pinicola (0.89 mg/ml). According to the totality of rapid test indicators, quantitative determination of enzymatic activity, growth parameters on lignocellulosic substrates and the degree of wood bioconversion, the most promising producer of lignolytic enzymes in vitro is the Gl4-16A Ganoderma lucidum strain; cellulolytic enzymes – strain Fp6-17 Fomitopsis pinicola.