Synthesis and Evaluation of Magnesium and Zinc-Doped Hydroxyapatite-Banana Flower Extract-PLGA Composite for Bone Regeneration

Strategies for bone tissue regeneration need methods that provide an osteogenic environment conducive to bone formation. This study examines the synthesis and characterization of a new biocomposite material consisting of magnesium and zinc-doped hydroxyapatite (MZHAp), banana flower extract (BFE) and poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) for possible applications in bone tissue engineering. The synthesized material was analyzed using FTIR, XRD, SEM-EDAX and microhardness assessments. The findings indicated effective incorporation of BFE and PLGA into the MZHAp matrix, resulting in increased crystallinity, superior mechanical characteristics and regulated shape. In vitro investigations, including cell survival, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity and alizarin red S (ARS) staining, demonstrated superior biocompatibility and considerable osteogenic potential of the MZHAp-BFE-PLGA composite. Moreover, the biocomposite demonstrated significant antibacterial efficacy against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative microorganisms. The results indicate that the MZHAp-BFE-PLGA composite may serve as a promising biomaterial for bone tissue regeneration applications.