Short-term Pulmonary Effects of Using an Electronic Cigarette

Background Debate exists over the scientific evidence for claims that electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) have no health-related ramifications. This study aimed to assess whether using an e-cigarette for 5 min has an impact on the pulmonary function tests and fraction of exhaled nitric oxide (F eno ) of healthy adult smokers. Methods Thirty healthy smokers (aged 19-56 years, 14 men) participated in this laboratory-based experimental vs control group study. Ab lib use of an e-cigarette for 5 min with the cartridge included (experimental group, n = 30) or removed from the device (control group, n = 10) was assessed. Results Using an e-cigarette for 5 min led to an immediate decrease in F eno within the experimental group by 2.14 ppb ( P = .005) but not in the control group ( P = .859). Total respiratory impedance at 5 Hz in the experimental group was found to also increase by 0.033 kPa/(L/s) ( P < .001), and flow respiratory resistance at 5 Hz, 10 Hz, and 20 Hz also statistically increased. Regression analyses controlling for baseline measurements indicated a statistically significant decrease in F eno and an increase in impedance by 0.04 kPa/(L/s) ( P = .003), respiratory resistance at 5 Hz by 0.04 kPa/(L/s) ( P = .003), at 10 Hz by 0.034 kPa/(L/s) ( P = .008), at 20 Hz by 0.043 kPa/(L/s) ( P = .007), and overall peripheral airway resistance (β, 0.042 kPa/[L/s]; P = .024), after using an e-cigarette. Conclusions e-Cigarettes assessed in the context of this study were found to have immediate adverse physiologic effects after short-term use that are similar to some of the effects seen with tobacco smoking; however, the long-term health effects of e-cigarette use are unknown but potentially adverse and worthy of further investigation.