Advances in Methylammonium Lead Halide Perovskites Synthesis, Structural, Optical, and Photovoltaic Insights

This study examines the structural, optical, and morphological characteristics of Methylammonium lead halide perovskites (MAPbX3) as potential solar cell candidates. Variable band gaps, extended carrier lifetimes, high absorption coefficients, and solution-processable synthesis techniques are among the numerous advantages of these perovskites. The Hot-Injection Method (HIM) is employed in the study to further investigate the unique properties of MAPbX3 perovskites, which is cost-effective and does not require vacuum. MAPbBr3 and MAPbCl3 crystallize in a cubic phase, whereas MAPbI3 crystallizes in a tetragonal phase. The halide versions exhibit morphological differences, with MAPbCl3 exhibiting cubic nanocrystals, MAPbI3 forming a combination of rods and spherical nanocrystals, and MAPbBr3 exhibiting particulate structures. TRPL experiments indicate carrier lifetimes between 1.72 and 7.65 ns, while UV-Vis spectroscopy indicates a blue shift in absorption band edges from MAPbI3 to MAPbCl3. MAPbI3, the most promising candidate for solar cell applications, produces a PCE of 13.66% at a thickness of 250 nm, in contrast to MAPbBr3 and MAPbCl3, which produce 6.87% and 4.98% at a thickness of 500 nm, respectively. This research establishes a thorough comprehension of the structural, optical, and morphological properties of MAPbX3 perovskites, thereby facilitating the advancement of perovskite solar cell technology and the creation of more cost-effective solar energy solutions.