Cortisol increases Na(+)/K(+)-ATPase density in plasma membranes of gill chloride cells in the freshwater tilapia Oreochromis mossambicus

The effect of cortisol on Na(+)/K(+)-ATPase expression in the gill chloride cells of tilapia Oreochromis mossambicus was studied by immunocytochemistry at the light and electron microscope levels. One of three doses of cortisol (low, 125 mg kg(-1 )food; middle, 375 mg kg(-1 )food; high, 750 mg kg(-1) food) was administered via the food (at a ration of 1.5 % of body mass) and the fish were sampled after 5 days. Plasma osmolality and Na(+) levels were elevated in the middle- and high-dose groups, and plasma cortisol levels in the high-dose groups. Hematocrit values were not affected by the treatments. Opercular membrane chloride cell density increased by 94 % and 286 % in the middle- and high-dose fish, respectively, whereas the gill chloride cell frequency increased by up to 28 % maximally in the high-dose fish. Lamellar gill chloride cells were absent in the control and low-dose groups, but were observed in the middle- and high-dose groups. Cortisol increased the volume of the tubular membrane system in mature gill chloride cells. Quantification of immunogold-labelled Na(+)/K(+)-ATPase antigen (a 104 kDa protein species, as demonstrated by western blot) revealed that the high dose of cortisol increases the Na(+)/K(+)-ATPase density in the tubular system of chloride cells. This is the first direct evidence that cortisol not only increases chloride cell numbers but also Na(+)/K(+)-ATPase density in these cells.