Neonatal Exposure to Oxidants Induces Later in Life a Metabolic Response Associated to a Phenotype of Energy Deficiency in an Animal Model of Total Parenteral Nutrition

Failure to protect total parenteral nutrition (TPN) from ambient light exacerbates the generation of peroxides, which affects blood glucose and plasma triacylglyceride (TG) in neonates. Based on the concept that the origin of adult diseases can be traced back to perinatal life, it was hypothesized that neonatal exposure to peroxides may affect energy availability later in life. Three-day-old guinea pigs, fitted with a jugular catheter, were fed regular chow (sham) ± i.v. 350 μM H 2 O 2 (sham + H 2 O 2 ) or nourished with light-protected TPN [TPN(−)L, 209 ± 9 μM peroxides] or light-exposed TPN [TPN(+)L, 365 ± 15 μM peroxides]. After 4 d, infusions were stopped and animals fed chow. Spontaneous ambulatory movements, fasting blood glucose, glucose tolerance, TG, hepatic activities of glucokinase, phosphofructokinase (key enzymes of glycolysis), and acetyl-CoA carboxylase (key enzymes of lipogenesis) were determined at 12–14 wk and compared by ANOVA ( p < 0.05). Relative to sham, the animals from sham + H 2 O 2 , TPN(−)L and TPN(+)L groups had lower plasma TG explained for 36% by low phosphofructokinase activity; they had lower glucose tolerance, lower body weight, and lower physical activity. In conclusion, neonatal exposure to oxidant molecules such as peroxides has important consequences later in life on lipid and glucose metabolism leading to a phenotype of energy deficiency.