The Optimal Busulfan Dose of Conditioning Regimens for Allogeneic Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation in Younger Patients with Acute Myeloid Leukemia

Background: In allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) for younger patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML), myeloablative conditioning (MAC) regimens have been considered as standard conditioning. MAC can reduce the risk of relapse, but increase non-relapse mortality, including organ toxicity and severe graft versus host disease. Therefore, the optimal busulfan dose in conditioning regimens has not been established in younger patients with AML. Thus, we aimed to investigate post-HCT outcomes according to the busulfan dose of conditioning regimens in younger patients with AML. Methods: We retrospectively analyzed long-term outcomes according to the busulfan dose (2 days vs. 3 days vs. 4 days) in 686 adult patients (age