Acrue: A Phase 2, Open-Label Study of Acalabrutinib in Combination with Rituximab in Elderly and/or Frail Patients with Treatment-Naive Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma

Background and Significance: Patients aged ≥80 years with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) account for approximately 18% of DLBCL cases in the United States (Morrison et al. Future Oncol. 2018). Standard-of-care chemoimmunotherapy (CIT) regimens such as rituximab, cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, and prednisolone (R-CHOP), including reduced doses of CHOP (R-miniCHOP), are not well tolerated in elderly and/or frail patients, leading to high treatment-related mortality rates (Boslooper et al. Leuk Lymphoma. 2014; Freudenberger et al. Ann Hematol. 2021; Peyrade et al. Lancet Oncol. 2011). Therefore, safe, effective, and convenient treatment alternatives to CIT are needed. Acalabrutinib is a highly selective, second-generation Bruton tyrosine kinase inhibitor approved for the treatment of patients with relapsed/refractory mantle cell lymphoma and in patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Acalabrutinib monotherapy has demonstrated encouraging activity in patients with DLBCL in phase 1b (NCT02112526) and phase 2 (NCT04002947) studies (Strati et al. Haematologica. 2021; Roschewski et al. Blood. 2021). However, neither of these studies were conducted specifically in a population of elderly and/or frail patients. Study Design and Methods: ACRUE (NCT05952024) is a phase 2, open-label, single-arm, global, multicenter study of acalabrutinib plus rituximab in elderly and/or frail patients with treatment-naive (TN) DLBCL who are unable to tolerate standard CIT ( Figure). Eligible patients are aged ≥80 years or aged 65-79 years with impairment in ≥1 activity of daily living (ADL) or instrumental ADL (IADL), or with cardiac/renal/liver function impairment or other comorbidities that render them unable to tolerate CIT. Furthermore, patients must have histologically confirmed CD20-positiveDLBCL (not otherwise specified), according to WHO 2016 classification, an Ann Arbor classification of stage II, III, or IV disease, an Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status of 0-2, and ≥1 measurable lesion. Patients with active central nervous system involvement by lymphoma, leptomeningeal disease, or spinal cord compression, or significant cardiovascular disease within 6 months of screening are excluded. Target enrollment is 80 patients. Patients will receive acalabrutinib plus rituximab combination for 8 cycles (acalabrutinib 100 mg orally twice daily beginning on day 1 of cycles 1-8; rituximab 375 mg/m 2 intravenously on C1D15, then 1400 mg subcutane