Long-Term Survival after Intensive Chemotherapy or Hypomethylating Agents in AML Patients Aged 70 Years and Older: A Large Patient Data Set Study from Dataml, SAL and Pethema European Registries

▪ The outcome of AML patients (pts) ≥ 70 years is poor. Defining the best treatment option remains controversial especially when choosing between intensive chemotherapy (IC) and hypomethylating agents (HMAs). We set up a multicentric European database collecting data of AML pts ≥ 70 y. The primary objective was to compare overall survival in pts selected for IC or HMAs. Individual pt data were collected from 3 European AML registries (DATAML, SAL and PETHEMA). All pts ≥70 y newly diagnosed between 01/01/2007 and 06/30/2018 were included. Variables were age, sex, diagnosis date, AML status, WBC, BM blasts %, cytogenetic risk, NPM1, FLT3-ITD mutations, first-line therapy, response, allo-SCT in first complete remission (CR), date of relapse and/or death. First-line treatments included IC, a semi-intensive regimen (fludarabine, cytarabine, filgrastim), HMAs, low-dose cytarabine (LDAC) or supportive care (SC). 3 700 AML pts ≥ 70y were identified. Pts treated with semi-intensive chemotherapy (n=464), LDAC (n=127) or SC (n=837) were not included in this analysis. Thus, the study population included 1 199 IC pts and 1 073 HMA pts. The median follow-up was 49.5 months. In the HMA group, pts were older, had lower WBC count and BM blast %, and they more frequently had ECOG > 1, secondary AML (sAML) and adverse-risk cytogenetics (CG) compared to the IC group. NPM1 and FLT3-ITD mutations were more frequent in the IC group. IC regimens were daunorubicin-AraC (n=432, 36.0%), idarubicin-AraC (n=381, 31.8%) or ida-AraC-CCNU (n=214, 17.8%). AlloSCT was performed in 70 IC pts (5.8%) and only in 7 HMA pts (0.7%) (P30 giga/L were significantly associated with a lower response rate whereas NPM1 mutation was significantly associated with a higher response rate. HMA treatment was associated with a lower response rate than IC (OR, 0.25; 95%CI : 0.20-0.31 ; P 1, adverse-risk CG and WBC > 30 giga/L were significantly associated with a higher d60 death rate. HMA treatment was associated with a lower d60 death rate than IC (OR, 0.69; 95%CI : 0.54-0.88 ; P=0.003). The median OS was 10.9 (95%CI: 9.7-11.6) and 9.2 months (95%CI: 8.3-10.2) in the IC and HMA gr