Outcomes in Relapsed/Refractory Burkitt Lymphoma: A Multi-Centre Canadian Experience

Introduction: Burkitt lymphoma (BL) is an aggressive B cell lymphoma with a distinct morphology, immunophenotype and characteristic C-MYC gene rearrangement. When treated with intensive chemotherapy, outcomes are excellent with a reported overall survival of greater than 80% at 3 years. A small subset of patients have primary refractory or relapsed disease, but there have been few reports of treatment and outcomes of these patients due to the rarity of this lymphoma and its otherwise good prognosis. Objective: The objective of this study was to review the characteristics, treatments and outcomes of patients with relapsed/refractory BL. Methods: We included patients 18 years or older with a pathologically confirmed BL diagnosed between 2003 and 2018 at eight Canadian centres who received curative intent frontline chemotherapy and who had primary refractory or relapsed disease. Data were retrospectively reviewed at each site independently. Staging and response assessment was based on computed tomography (CT). Descriptive statistics were used for baseline characteristics and treatment regimens. Kaplan Meier Survival Analysis was used to estimate overall survival (OS) which was calculated from time of relapse. Results: A total of 74 patients were included in the study. Median age was 48 years (IQR 32-61) and 81% were male. Nine patients (12%) were known to be HIV positive. Most patients had advanced disease with stage III/IV (n=47, 64%), bone marrow involvement (n=32, 43%) and at least one extranodal site (n=67, 91%). Nineteen patients (26%) had central nervous system (CNS) involvement at diagnosis. The most common induction regimen was CODOX-M-IVAC (n=43, 58%) followed by CHOP or EPOCH (n=14, 19%) and hyperCVAD (n=7, 9%). Forty five (61%) patients received rituximab with their first line treatment. The median time to relapse from diagnosis was 5 months with a majority of cases being primary refractory (n=57, 77%). Patients had systemic relapse (n=44, 59%), isolated CNS relapse (n=19, 26%) or both (n=11, 15%). Forty three (58%) patients received second-line salvage chemotherapy while 28 (39%) were treated with palliative oral chemotherapy and/or radiation. A variety of salvage regimens were used including systemic and CNS-directed second line regimens: most common GDP (n=7, 9%), hyperCVAD (n=5, 7%) and DHAP (n=5, 7%). Rituximab was given at relapse to 23 patients (31%). Progressive disease during or after salvage was noted in 23 (31%) patients. Twenty patients