Effects of Ramadan Fasting in Patients with Chronic Myeloid Leukemia in Chronic Phase

Background Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML), is a clonal bone marrow stem cell disorder that accounts for 10% of all leukemias. Generally, CML is one of the best examples of effective targeted therapy. Today, the overall survival of patients with CML treated by using tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) is very close to that of the healthy population. However, little is known about the effect of certain measures such as fasting especially during Ramadan period. In Islam, Ramadan fasting represents one of the five pillars of creed and considered as a mandatory religious duty, although in some instances among which, patients are exempted from observing this duty. The day fasting hours in Ramadan varies according to the geographical location of countries from 11 to 22 hours. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first quantatative study evaluating the effects of Ramadan fasting on patients with CML on TKIs. Objectives The main objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of fasting on CML patients receiving TKIs by evaluating their clinical course, hematological parameters, and BCR-ABL levels. Patients & Methods A retrospective study was conducted by reviewing medical records for adult Muslim patients with CML in the state of Qatar, who fasted Ramadan month during the period of 2016, 2017 and 2018, therefore we evaluated: 1) Complete Blood Count before, during, and after Ramadan. 2) BCR /ABL level before, during, and after Ramadan. 3) Any loss of hematological response or clinical evidence of disease progression like increase in spleen size during Ramadan. Patients were retrospectively asked and confirmed that they're fasting during Ramadan period by a telephone call made by the study team. Results A total of 49 patients fulfilled the criteria of the study, with median age of 46 years (range from 22-86), of these 36 (73.5%) were males and 13 (26.5%) were females, with ratio of 2.8 : 1. 27 (55.1%) patients are middle eastern, while 16 (32.7%) patients came from the Indian subcontinent, and 6 (12.25) patients were black. Multiple TKIs were used, imatinib was the most common TKI; used in 25 patients (51%), nilotinib in 15 patients (30.6%), dasatinib in 8 patients (16.3%) and ponatinib used only in one patient. Repeated measure analysis of variance (ANOVA) statistical analysis showed that the mean White blood count, neutrophils and BCR-ABL was found to be reduced after Ramadan period compared to before and during Ramadan period, however their difference was