Calendering analysis of non-isothermal viscous nanofluid containing Cu-water nanoparticles using two counter-rotating rolls

This study is a non-isothermal analysis of the calendering process using a water based nanofluid with Cu-nanoparticles. The basic flow equations are simplified under the lubrication approximation theory (LAT) and non-dimensionalized. Theoretical velocity and pressure gradient solutions are achieved, and temperature distribution is numerically computed by finite difference method. The impact of nanoparticle volume fraction on pressure distribution, fluid velocity, temperature distribution, power input, and separating force are presented through graphs and discussed. Nanoparticle volume fraction enhances the magnitude of pressure, pressure gradient, and temperature distribution. Power input and roll-separating force also rise for higher nanoparticle volume fraction. Model II of dynamic viscosity of nanofluid has a greater impact on physical parameters as compared to the model I of dynamic viscosity.