The Use and Purpose of Three Frequent Syntactical Forms in the Fourth Gospel

This article analyzes three syntactical forms that occur frequently in the Fourth Gospel. These forms are often associated with aspects of the literary style for which John is well known—for example, misunderstanding, irony, doubt, reversal or denial, and division. These categories are not mutually exclusive. In fact, irony, misunderstanding, and reversal might occur in the same context.