Phytochemicals, Antiinflammatory, and Analgesic Effects of the Ethanol Extract From the Leaves of Premna Flavescens Wall. ex C. B. Clarke

In the current study, the ethanol extract of Premna flavescens leaves (EPF) was evaluated for its in vivo antiinflammatory, analgesic potentials, and acute oral toxicity. The analgesic potential was assessed through the acetic acid-induced writhing test, and the antiinflammatory characteristic was determined through the carrageenan-induced paw edema test in mice. The analgesic experimental results indicated that at a dose of 750 mg/kg, EPF exhibited nearly the same effect as aspirin at a dose of 100 mg/kg. carrageenan-induced paw edema inflammation in experimental mice treated with EPF at a dose of 750 mg/kg was significantly reduced after 5 h of carrageenan injection. EPF did not show acute oral toxicity at the highest dose of 5 g/kg. Six compounds were isolated from EPF: friedelin (1), friedelinol (2), holoptelin B (3), ethyl p-methoxycinamate (4), 3β-hydroxy stigmast-5-en-7-one (5), and n-triacontanol (6). Compounds 1, 2, and 6 were isolated from P flavescens for the first time, while compounds 3, 4, and 5 were reported from the genus Premna for the first time. These findings give more scientific evidence for the traditional medicinal use of this plant to treat rheumatism and osteoarthritis.