Polyphenolic Profile and Biological Study of Salvia Fruticosa

Two new flavone glycosides, scutellarin 3,8-di-C-β-D-4C1-glucopyranoside (1) and luteolin 7-O-β-D-4C1-glucopyranoside-6′‘ sulfate (2) together with sixteen known metabolites viz diosmin (3), apigenin 7-O-β-D-rutinoside (4), luteolin 7-O-β-D-rutinoside (5) luteolin 7-O-(6′‘-O-acetyl)-β-D-4C1-glucopyranoside (6), luteolin 7-O-β-D-4C1-galacturonopyranoside (7), luteolin 7-O-β-D-4C1-glucuronopyranoside (8), apigenin 7-O-β-D-4C1-glucouronopyranoside (9), apigenin 7-O-β-D-4C1-glucouronopyranoside methyl ester (10), luteolin 7-O-β-D-4C1-glucuronopyranoside methyl ester (11), cosmosiin (12), cinaroside (13), homoplontagenin (14), apigenin (15), luteolin (16), caffeic (17) and chlorogenic acids (18) were isolated from the aerial parts of Salvia. fruticosa Mill. Compounds 3, 6, 7, 10 and 11 were isolated for the first time from this genus, while 4, 5 and 14 isolated for the first time from S. fruticosa. Their chemical structures have been established on the basis of chemical and spectroscopic evidence. It was found that both 80% methanol and chloroform extracts of S. fruticosa are non-toxic to mice (LD50 up to 4 g. Kg−1 b. wt.). Their administration at 100 and 200 mg Kg−1 b. wt. improved liver functions, reduced the hepatotoxicity and the 80% methanol extract showed significant hypoglycemic effect and antispasmodic activity, as well.