Eye examination in general practice

Eye problems are a common presentation in primary care and they are the presenting problem in about 2–3% of all consultations. GPs are responsible for diagnosing eye conditions and making appropriate specialist referrals. The tools usually available in general practice, such as Snellen charts, penlights, and direct ophthalmoscopy, are sufficient to diagnose most eye disease. This article aims to help GPs approach eye examination in an organised, logical fashion. This article will outline how to perform each step of the examination and the diagnosis of common eye conditions including those that need immediate referral to a specialist. A fictional case scenario is used to illustrate the importance of a good history and accurate eye examination in the diagnosis and management of eye disease.