Ready to perform? A qualitative-analytic investigation into professional football goalkeepers’ match warm-ups

Match warm-ups in association football represent well-respected practice in order to prepare and optimise performance. While the structure of warm-ups is commonly studied from a physiological perspective, the skill and performance training approaches influencing warm-ups prior to major professional football competition appear to be particularly underexplored. Using the largely under-researched context of the football goalkeeper, the aim of this multi-method research design was to investigate two overarching research questions: (1) how are professional football goalkeeper match warm-ups structured? and (2) why does current coaching practice of expert goalkeeper coaches support this microstructure? Eleven systematic observations investigated the microstructure and training approaches applied to top-level professional football goalkeeper match warm-ups and seven semi-structured interviews with expert goalkeeper coaches further explored current coaching practice in this specific context. Results indicate that professional football goalkeeper warm-up structures include similar microstructures that progress in complexity and contain both simple ‘technical’ and more match-representative ‘applied skills’ exercises. Underlying reasons for goalkeeper coaches adhering to the observed warm-up structures are based on experts’ understanding of applying an athlete-centred coaching approach. Hereof, goalkeeper coaches stated warm-up routines to be individualised towards goalkeeper’s needs and focused on performance stability in order to make goalkeepers feel ‘match-ready’ and confident.