What Does Sustainability Mean? Knowledge Gleaned From Applying Mixed Methods Research to Wine Grape Growing

We present outcomes from a mixed methods research project in agricultural sciences. An atypical methodology for sciences was developed as the only way to avoid embedded assumptions commonly seen in sustainability investigations. Eighty-three upper echelon participants from the wine grape industry participated in 14 focus groups in five countries: Australia, Chile, New Zealand, South Africa, and the United States. Quantitative measures were compared with results from qualitatively coded participant utterances using two content analysis software tools: Leximancer and NVivo. This article presents the strategies and method applied in this investigation to define sustainability. A consensual sustainability definition prior to the establishment of assessment systems is essential. The model developed seems to be viable for similar sustainability investigations of individual organizations.