Development of a Real-Time Simulation with Intelligent Tutoring Capabilities

Training programs for complex tasks are increasingly using simulations to provide transfer of training to the job environment without incurring high costs of on-the-job training. A second trend in training is toward the use of intelligent tutoring systems (ITSs) to provide individualized feedback to optimize training. Combining simulation with an ITS can be especially beneficial, but use of intelligent tutoring mechanisms such as expert systems is often difficult in a complex, realtime environment. In this paper, we describe the development of a proof-of-concept training program that combines F-16 flight simulation with an embedded real-time intelligent tutoring system. In the simulation, pilots learn the correct use of advanced fire control radar modes to locate and assess multiple enemy formations (search and sort tasks). The expert system monitors pilot behavior and verbal responses as the pilot flies the simulation. At certain critical points, if the pilot's performance has fallen outside of pre-specified parameters of “safe” behavior, the tutoring component stops the simulation and feedback is provided.