Error-Challenging Strategies: Their Role in Preventing and Correcting Errors

Two studies were conducted to identify effective communication strategies for calling attention to problems and getting action on them from other crew members. In Study 1, pilots in both crew positions relied primarily on one status-consistent strategy to request action of another crew member: Captains generally preferred to use commands, while first officers predominantly used hints. However, when asked to rate the effectiveness of various strategies in Study 2, captains and first officers: favored communications that appealed to the crew concept rather than to any particular status-based model.