Histopathology of Iliocaval Venous In-Stent Restenosis Treated With Directional Atherectomy

Purpose: To report the use of directional atherectomy to treat venous in-stent restenosis (ISR) and subsequent histopathological analysis of retrieved intrastent tissue. Case Report: A 55-year-old man presented with recurrent symptoms of venous congestion following iliofemoral stenting. The stents were found to be occluded on imaging. Directional atherectomy was used to recanalize the iliofemoral venous stents, which provided significant symptom relief. Tissue retrieved from within the stent demonstrated patterns of cellular components similar to arterial ISR. At 6-month follow-up, the stents remain patent, with no evidence of further ISR. Conclusion: Directional atherectomy is a potential treatment option for iliofemoral venous ISR. The pathological process of venous ISR demonstrates cellular changes similar to arterial ISR.