Acute myocardial injury in a 45-year-old female: Hypereosinophilic syndrome

Hypereosinophilic syndrome (HES) can cause eosinophilic infiltration in multiple organ systems resulting in organ damage. Among all, cardiac involvement is the major cause of morbidity and mortality. Early diagnosis and prompt treatment are important to improve the prognosis. We reported a 45-year-old woman with a history of eosinophilia presented with chest pain in our emergency department. Laboratory tests revealed marked eosinophilia and elevated cardiac markers. A neurological event, presenting as right-side limb weakness, supervened later. The diagnosis of HES was established, and prompt treatment with corticosteroids, hydroxyurea, and imatinib resolved the eosinophilia; further cardiac and neurological injury was thus prevented. This case reminds us to consider and, if applicable, to provide the appropriate management for HES in the context of making a differential diagnosis in clinical situations involving organ damage.