Wind power smoothing in partial load region with advanced fuzzy-logic based pitch-angle controller

The wind energy system (WES) has an undesirable characteristic in which its power output varies with wind speed, resulting in fluctuations in the grid frequency and voltage. Especially, in partial load region where the wind speed is below rated, there is a concern in regards to WES output power. This part of the work initially employed exponential moving average (EMA) concept to generate reference power. Later on, an interval type-2 fuzzy logic (advanced fuzzy logic) based pitch-angle controller is implemented and designed for good reference tracking and therefore, it can smoothen out the WES output power more effectively. Real time simulations are also developed to show the applicability of the proposed controller using the OPAL-RT digital simulator. Below rated wind speed pattern has considered for real time simulations and results are obtained with different control techniques. The results show that the proposed interval type-2 fuzzy logic (advanced fuzzy logic) based pitch-angle controller offers better performance in tracking reference power and hence, it offers good smoothing of output power fluctuations than conventional proportional-integral (PI) and traditional fuzzy logic (Type-1) controllers. The performance of the proposed controller is also estimated using power smoothing and energy loss functions in terms of performance indices.