Complications following High-Dose Percutaneous Ethanol Injection into Hepatic Tumors

Purpose: Percutaneous ethanol injection therapy (PEIT) with a 2–10 ml ethanol dose per session is widely used in the treatment of small hepatocellular carcinoma. Larger doses have been restricted for fear of complications. The aim of the present study was to make a retrospective evaluation of the complications following treatment of hepatic tumors with high doses of ethanol (up to 200 ml). Material and Methods: The medical records of 15 patients treated repeatedly with PEIT were reviewed retrospectively to detect side effects or complications. Eleven of these patients had undergone transarterial chemoembolization (TAE) prior to PEIT. Of 173 ethanol injections in doses of 2–200 ml (mean 49 ml), more than 10 ml had been injected on 138 occasions. The chi-square test was used to evaluate the differences in pain frequency among the various dosage groups. Results: Serious complications did not occur. Pain was a common side effect, occurring in 48% of the procedures. Immediate pain during the treatment was related to the ethanol dose and increased significantly with increasing doses (p