Infant functional networks are modulated by state of consciousness and circadian rhythm
Functional connectivity networks are valuable tools for studying development, cognition, and disease in the infant brain. In adults, such networks are modulated by the state of consciousness and the circadian rhythm; however, it is unknown if infant brain networks exhibit similar variation, given th...
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| creator | Smith, Rachel J. Alipourjeddi, Ehsan Garner, Cristal Maser, Amy L. Shrey, Daniel W. Lopour, Beth A. |
| description | Functional connectivity networks are valuable tools for studying development,
cognition, and disease in the infant brain. In adults, such networks are
modulated by the state of consciousness and the circadian rhythm; however, it is
unknown if infant brain networks exhibit similar variation, given the unique
temporal properties of infant sleep and circadian patterning. To address this,
we analyzed functional connectivity networks calculated from long-term EEG
recordings (average duration 20.8 hr) from 19 healthy infants. Networks were
subject specific, as intersubject correlations between weighted adjacency
matrices were low. However, within individual subjects, both sleep and wake
networks were stable over time, with stronger functional connectivity during
sleep than wakefulness. Principal component analysis revealed the presence of
two dominant networks; visual sleep scoring confirmed that these corresponded to
sleep and wakefulness. Lastly, we found that network strength, degree,
clustering coefficient, and path length significantly varied with time of day,
when measured in either wakefulness or sleep at the group level. Together, these
results suggest that modulation of healthy functional networks occurs over
∼24 hr and is robust and repeatable. Accounting for such temporal
periodicities may improve the physiological interpretation and use of functional
connectivity analysis to investigate brain function in health and disease.
In adults, functional connectivity networks are modulated by the state of
consciousness and the circadian rhythm. We investigated whether infant brain
networks exhibited similar variations, given the unique temporal properties of
infant sleep and circadian patterning. Functional connectivity networks were
calculated from ∼24-hr EEG recordings from 19 healthy infants. We found
that networks were subject specific and exhibited stronger connections during
sleep compared to wakefulness. Within subjects, both sleep and wake networks
reoccurred over time. However, network strength, degree, clustering coefficient,
and path length significantly varied with time of day, when measured in either
wakefulness or sleep at the group level. Together, these results suggest that
modulation of healthy infant functional networks occurs over 24-hr periods and
is robust and repeatable. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1162/netn_a_00194 |
| format | Article |
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cognition, and disease in the infant brain. In adults, such networks are
modulated by the state of consciousness and the circadian rhythm; however, it is
unknown if infant brain networks exhibit similar variation, given the unique
temporal properties of infant sleep and circadian patterning. To address this,
we analyzed functional connectivity networks calculated from long-term EEG
recordings (average duration 20.8 hr) from 19 healthy infants. Networks were
subject specific, as intersubject correlations between weighted adjacency
matrices were low. However, within individual subjects, both sleep and wake
networks were stable over time, with stronger functional connectivity during
sleep than wakefulness. Principal component analysis revealed the presence of
two dominant networks; visual sleep scoring confirmed that these corresponded to
sleep and wakefulness. Lastly, we found that network strength, degree,
clustering coefficient, and path length significantly varied with time of day,
when measured in either wakefulness or sleep at the group level. Together, these
results suggest that modulation of healthy functional networks occurs over
∼24 hr and is robust and repeatable. Accounting for such temporal
periodicities may improve the physiological interpretation and use of functional
connectivity analysis to investigate brain function in health and disease.
In adults, functional connectivity networks are modulated by the state of
consciousness and the circadian rhythm. We investigated whether infant brain
networks exhibited similar variations, given the unique temporal properties of
infant sleep and circadian patterning. Functional connectivity networks were
calculated from ∼24-hr EEG recordings from 19 healthy infants. We found
that networks were subject specific and exhibited stronger connections during
sleep compared to wakefulness. Within subjects, both sleep and wake networks
reoccurred over time. However, network strength, degree, clustering coefficient,
and path length significantly varied with time of day, when measured in either
wakefulness or sleep at the group level. Together, these results suggest that
modulation of healthy infant functional networks occurs over 24-hr periods and
is robust and repeatable.</description><identifier>ISSN: 2472-1751</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 2472-1751</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1162/netn_a_00194</identifier><identifier>PMID: 34189380</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>One Rogers Street, Cambridge, MA 02142-1209, USA: MIT Press</publisher><subject>Adults ; Babies ; Brain ; Circadian rhythm ; Circadian rhythms ; Clustering ; Cognition ; Connectivity analysis ; Consciousness ; Cross-correlation ; EEG ; Electroencephalography ; Functional connectivity ; Graph theory ; Infants ; Mathematical analysis ; Modulation ; Networks ; Neural networks ; Pediatrics ; Periodic variations ; Principal components analysis ; Resting-state networks ; Robustness ; Sleep ; Sleep and wakefulness ; Time of use ; Wakefulness</subject><ispartof>Network neuroscience (Cambridge, Mass.), 2021-01, Vol.5 (2), p.614-630</ispartof><rights>2021 Massachusetts Institute of Technology.</rights><rights>2021. This work is published under https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode (the “License”). Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.</rights><rights>2021 Massachusetts Institute of Technology 2021 Massachusetts Institute of Technology</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c497t-3762521c099545e14ad570c3b558e546dec0e969bd8921c299f0aa277bfe271d3</citedby><orcidid>0000-0003-4233-4802 ; 0000-0001-7142-0684</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8233111/pdf/$$EPDF$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.proquest.com/docview/2890460537?pq-origsite=primo$$EHTML$$P50$$Gproquest$$Hfree_for_read</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>230,314,723,776,780,860,881,2096,21369,27903,27904,33723,33724,43784,53769,53771</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34189380$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Smith, Rachel J.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Alipourjeddi, Ehsan</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Garner, Cristal</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Maser, Amy L.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Shrey, Daniel W.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Lopour, Beth A.</creatorcontrib><title>Infant functional networks are modulated by state of consciousness and circadian rhythm</title><title>Network neuroscience (Cambridge, Mass.)</title><addtitle>Netw Neurosci</addtitle><description>Functional connectivity networks are valuable tools for studying development,
cognition, and disease in the infant brain. In adults, such networks are
modulated by the state of consciousness and the circadian rhythm; however, it is
unknown if infant brain networks exhibit similar variation, given the unique
temporal properties of infant sleep and circadian patterning. To address this,
we analyzed functional connectivity networks calculated from long-term EEG
recordings (average duration 20.8 hr) from 19 healthy infants. Networks were
subject specific, as intersubject correlations between weighted adjacency
matrices were low. However, within individual subjects, both sleep and wake
networks were stable over time, with stronger functional connectivity during
sleep than wakefulness. Principal component analysis revealed the presence of
two dominant networks; visual sleep scoring confirmed that these corresponded to
sleep and wakefulness. Lastly, we found that network strength, degree,
clustering coefficient, and path length significantly varied with time of day,
when measured in either wakefulness or sleep at the group level. Together, these
results suggest that modulation of healthy functional networks occurs over
∼24 hr and is robust and repeatable. Accounting for such temporal
periodicities may improve the physiological interpretation and use of functional
connectivity analysis to investigate brain function in health and disease.
In adults, functional connectivity networks are modulated by the state of
consciousness and the circadian rhythm. We investigated whether infant brain
networks exhibited similar variations, given the unique temporal properties of
infant sleep and circadian patterning. Functional connectivity networks were
calculated from ∼24-hr EEG recordings from 19 healthy infants. We found
that networks were subject specific and exhibited stronger connections during
sleep compared to wakefulness. Within subjects, both sleep and wake networks
reoccurred over time. However, network strength, degree, clustering coefficient,
and path length significantly varied with time of day, when measured in either
wakefulness or sleep at the group level. Together, these results suggest that
modulation of healthy infant functional networks occurs over 24-hr periods and
is robust and repeatable.</description><subject>Adults</subject><subject>Babies</subject><subject>Brain</subject><subject>Circadian rhythm</subject><subject>Circadian rhythms</subject><subject>Clustering</subject><subject>Cognition</subject><subject>Connectivity analysis</subject><subject>Consciousness</subject><subject>Cross-correlation</subject><subject>EEG</subject><subject>Electroencephalography</subject><subject>Functional connectivity</subject><subject>Graph theory</subject><subject>Infants</subject><subject>Mathematical analysis</subject><subject>Modulation</subject><subject>Networks</subject><subject>Neural networks</subject><subject>Pediatrics</subject><subject>Periodic variations</subject><subject>Principal components analysis</subject><subject>Resting-state networks</subject><subject>Robustness</subject><subject>Sleep</subject><subject>Sleep and wakefulness</subject><subject>Time of use</subject><subject>Wakefulness</subject><issn>2472-1751</issn><issn>2472-1751</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2021</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>BENPR</sourceid><sourceid>DOA</sourceid><recordid>eNp1ks1vFCEUwCeNpm1qbz2bSbx4cJXHwAAXjWn82KSJF02PhOGjyzoDKzA1618vdWvdNXriBX78eO_xmuYC0EuAHr8KtgSpJEIgyFFzignDC2AUHu3FJ815zmuEEAYMiPDj5qQjwEXH0WlzvQxOhdK6OejiY1BjW53fY_qaW5VsO0Uzj6pY0w7bNpcatdG1OoasfZxzsLlywbTaJ62MV6FNq21ZTU-ax06N2Z7fr2fNl_fvPl9-XFx9-rC8fHu10ESwsuhYjykGjYSghFogylCGdDdQyi0lvbEaWdGLwXBRMSyEQ0phxgZnMQPTnTXLnddEtZab5CeVtjIqL39txHQjVSpej1YCHww4xgQVhgyOc86GHnhvawLOalpdr3euzTxM1mgbSlLjgfTwJPiVvIm3kuOuA4AqeH4vSPHbbHORk8_ajqMKtjZL4lqRYIJAX9Fnf6HrOKfa_kpxgUiPaMcq9WJH6RRzTtY9JANI3g2A3B-Aij_dL-AB_v3dfxKc_N6D_3G9-Qd6h9xSj2WHoGdE4jpU9bJEXP7wm0PDT3sIzuw</recordid><startdate>20210101</startdate><enddate>20210101</enddate><creator>Smith, Rachel J.</creator><creator>Alipourjeddi, Ehsan</creator><creator>Garner, Cristal</creator><creator>Maser, Amy L.</creator><creator>Shrey, Daniel W.</creator><creator>Lopour, Beth A.</creator><general>MIT Press</general><general>MIT Press Journals, The</general><general>The MIT Press</general><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>8FE</scope><scope>8FG</scope><scope>8FH</scope><scope>ABUWG</scope><scope>AFKRA</scope><scope>ARAPS</scope><scope>AZQEC</scope><scope>BBNVY</scope><scope>BENPR</scope><scope>BGLVJ</scope><scope>BHPHI</scope><scope>CCPQU</scope><scope>DWQXO</scope><scope>GNUQQ</scope><scope>HCIFZ</scope><scope>JQ2</scope><scope>K7-</scope><scope>LK8</scope><scope>M7P</scope><scope>P62</scope><scope>PIMPY</scope><scope>PQEST</scope><scope>PQQKQ</scope><scope>PQUKI</scope><scope>PRINS</scope><scope>7X8</scope><scope>5PM</scope><scope>DOA</scope><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4233-4802</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7142-0684</orcidid></search><sort><creationdate>20210101</creationdate><title>Infant functional networks are modulated by state of consciousness and circadian rhythm</title><author>Smith, Rachel J. ; 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cognition, and disease in the infant brain. In adults, such networks are
modulated by the state of consciousness and the circadian rhythm; however, it is
unknown if infant brain networks exhibit similar variation, given the unique
temporal properties of infant sleep and circadian patterning. To address this,
we analyzed functional connectivity networks calculated from long-term EEG
recordings (average duration 20.8 hr) from 19 healthy infants. Networks were
subject specific, as intersubject correlations between weighted adjacency
matrices were low. However, within individual subjects, both sleep and wake
networks were stable over time, with stronger functional connectivity during
sleep than wakefulness. Principal component analysis revealed the presence of
two dominant networks; visual sleep scoring confirmed that these corresponded to
sleep and wakefulness. Lastly, we found that network strength, degree,
clustering coefficient, and path length significantly varied with time of day,
when measured in either wakefulness or sleep at the group level. Together, these
results suggest that modulation of healthy functional networks occurs over
∼24 hr and is robust and repeatable. Accounting for such temporal
periodicities may improve the physiological interpretation and use of functional
connectivity analysis to investigate brain function in health and disease.
In adults, functional connectivity networks are modulated by the state of
consciousness and the circadian rhythm. We investigated whether infant brain
networks exhibited similar variations, given the unique temporal properties of
infant sleep and circadian patterning. Functional connectivity networks were
calculated from ∼24-hr EEG recordings from 19 healthy infants. We found
that networks were subject specific and exhibited stronger connections during
sleep compared to wakefulness. Within subjects, both sleep and wake networks
reoccurred over time. However, network strength, degree, clustering coefficient,
and path length significantly varied with time of day, when measured in either
wakefulness or sleep at the group level. Together, these results suggest that
modulation of healthy infant functional networks occurs over 24-hr periods and
is robust and repeatable.</abstract><cop>One Rogers Street, Cambridge, MA 02142-1209, USA</cop><pub>MIT Press</pub><pmid>34189380</pmid><doi>10.1162/netn_a_00194</doi><tpages>17</tpages><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4233-4802</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7142-0684</orcidid><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| source | PubMed Central; Directory of Open Access Journals; EZB Electronic Journals Library; PubMed Central Open Access; ProQuest Central |
| subjects | Adults Babies Brain Circadian rhythm Circadian rhythms Clustering Cognition Connectivity analysis Consciousness Cross-correlation EEG Electroencephalography Functional connectivity Graph theory Infants Mathematical analysis Modulation Networks Neural networks Pediatrics Periodic variations Principal components analysis Resting-state networks Robustness Sleep Sleep and wakefulness Time of use Wakefulness |
| title | Infant functional networks are modulated by state of consciousness and circadian rhythm |
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