Diffusion Tensor Imaging Investigation of Uncinate Fasciculus Anatomy in Healthy Controls: Description of a Subgenual Stem

The uncinate fasciculus is the largest white matter association tract connecting the prefrontal cortex and the anteromedial temporal lobe. The traditional anatomical description outlines a temporal stem that hooks around the posterior insula, a subinsular body, and 2 prefrontal stems extending to the lateral orbital gyri and the frontopolar cortex. Recent imaging studies of the white matter tracts deep to the subgenual cingulate gyrus (Brodmann area 25: BA25) suggest the presence of white matter fibers extending from BA25 to the amygdala, via a route that would run in close proximity to the uncinate fasciculus, that are of functional importance in mood disorders. We hypothesized that these fibers represent a third, medial prefrontal stem of the uncinate fasciculus. Using diffusion tensor imaging in 74 healthy volunteer humans, we seeded the uncinate fasciculus using 2 regions of interest centered over the temporal stem and the caudal body of the uncinate fasciculus in the coronal plane at the level of the anterior commissure. A medial prefrontal stem extending to the subgenual cingulate gyrus was demonstrated in 65/74 left and 70/74 right cerebral hemispheres, and had a mean fractional anisotropy value of 0.43 (95% CI 0.40–0.47). The medial subgenual stem fibers were inseparable from the caudal body and temporal stem of the main uncinate fasciculus and followed the same hook-shaped morphology. A probable medial subgenual prefrontal stem of the uncinate fasciculus was demonstrated in a cohort of healthy volunteers and is of potential significance in our understanding of neuropsychiatry and mood disorders.