Renal Dysfunction in Patients with Beta-Thalassemia Major Receiving Iron Chelation Therapy either with Deferoxamine and Deferiprone or with Deferasirox

There are limited studies on renal involvement in β-thalassemia, mainly involving patients on deferoxamine, reporting both glomerular and tubular dysfunction. The aim of the present study was to investigate renal involvement in young thalassemia patients, using both conventional and early markers of renal dysfunction, and to correlate findings to iron chelation therapy. Forty-two patients aged 4–23 years were studied and, for analysis purposes, were divided into two groups based on chelation therapy (group A receiving deferasirox and group B receiving deferoxamine and deferiprone combination therapy). In addition to conventional renal biochemistries, creatinine clearance, estimated glomerular filtration rate, serum cystatin C (Cys C), fractional excretion of sodium, tubular phosphorus reabsorption and urine calcium, protein, β 2 -microglobulin (β 2 -MG) and glucose levels were measured. A considerable number of patients demonstrated impaired renal function with elevated Cys C levels (36%), glomerular dysfunction with proteinuria (24%) and tubulopathy with hypercalciuria (35.5%) and elevated excretion of β 2 -MG (33.5%). Renal involvement seems to be present even in young patients with β-thalassemia, therefore, routine use of early markers of renal dysfunction is recommended. Further studies are needed in order to investigate the role of new chelators in tubular function parameters.