Determinats factors self-management barriers: characteristics, spiritual well-being, and religiosity in type 2 diabetes patients

Holistic nursing needs to evaluate barriers to self-management, insight from characteristics, religiosity, and spiritual well-being to understand and address the multifaceted needs of individuals with chronic conditions, such as diabetes mellitus type 2. This study aimed to identify the determining factors that affect the barriers to self-management and the variables affecting them among Indonesian patients with T2DM. A cross-sectional survey was conducted among 101 patients recruited via purposive sampling from March to May 2023. The research instruments used were the Spiritual Well-Being Scale, Islamic Religiosity Scale, and Summary of Diabetes Self-Care Activities. The potential multicollinearity effects among the predictors of the barriers to self-management were also evaluated using multiple linear stepwise regression and collinearity analysis of variable inflation factors (VIFs). Most of the respondents had moderate spiritual well-being (52.2%) and high Islamic religiosity (60.4%) but also had barriers to self-management (55%). The F value of 5.888 with a probability of 0.004 (