Photonic Crystal Based Biosensor with Built-In Nanofluidics Channels

A photonic crystal (PC-s) is essentially made of a periodic pattern of high and low refractive index materials on optically transparent substrate. Such a pattern acts as a waveguide as well as a grating layer and resonate the PC at a particular wavelength. The resonance wavelength depends on grating period, refractive indices of materials, grating thickness, and geometry of structure. A small change in the dimensions of the PC results in undesired behavior of the PC. Therefore, it is essential to fabricate such a device with minimal fabrication processes to minimize fabrication inaccuracy. In this paper, a systematic approach for the development of PC for biosensing application has been discussed. A novel approach has been proposed for the transportation of biomolecules using a built-in nanofluidic channel.