Refractive Laser Beam Measuring Diffusion Coefficient of Concentrated Battery Electrolytes

A thorough understanding of electrolyte transport properties is crucial in the development of alternative battery technology. As a key parameter, the diffusion coefficient offers important insights into the behavior of electrolytes, especially for fast charge of high-energy batteries. Existing methods of measurement are often limited by redox species or offer questionable accuracy due to side reactions and/or disruption of the diffusion profile. This work provides a novel optical method for measuring diffusion coefficients of liquid-phase concentrated battery electrolytes without electrochemical reactions. The method relies on the deflection of a refractive laser beam passing through an electrolyte of a minor concentration gradient in a triangular diffusion column. The diffusion coefficient, D , for a range of zinc sulfate electrolytes was successfully extracted by correlating the position of the laser beam to its concentration. Several other physicochemical properties of the same electrolytes are studied to correlate to the concentration-dependent diffusion coefficients, including viscosity, conductivity, and microstructure analysis based on vibrational spectroscopy (Infrared and Raman). Also included is the future application of the triangular column for in situ electrochemical measurements.