Perspective—Morphology and Dynamics of Metal Dendrites in Batteries Revealed by X-ray Computed Tomography

Metal dendrite is one of the most common issues in a variety of rechargeable batteries. It deteriorates cell capacity, increases interphase adverse reactions, and causes safety concerns. X-ray computed tomography facilitates an operando/in situ visualization of the three-dimensional (3D) morphology of the dendrites and their dynamic evolutions during battery operation. In this Perspective, we discuss the important technical developments and challenges when utilizing X-ray computed tomography for investigating the dendrite formation and growth in several different battery systems. In addition, we provide our perspective for the future directions and challenges in the field.