Radio Frequency Identification Sensor Chips with Anticollision Algorithm for Simultaneous Detection of Multiple DNA Targets

A newly developed DNA measurement method for multiple single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) typing using a radio-frequency identification (RFID) sensor chip was demonstrated. The RFID sensor chip monolithically integrates a sensor, amplifier, analog-to-digital converter (ADC), and a passive wireless communication interface for receiving commands and transmitting data on a $2.5\times 2.5$ mm 2 silicon chip. For the simultaneous multitarget measurement, anticollision control and peak-power suppression are essential. To assign a unique identification number (UID) for the identification of multiple sensor chips, a reproducible random number generator circuit (RRG) was designed and installed on the chip. Peak-power consumption was reduced to 1018 \mbox{$\mu$}W by a clock gating of functional circuit blocks. Multiple SNP typing was carried out by simultaneously operating five RFID sensor chips (four with photosensors and one with a temperature sensor). The target DNA was captured on the sensor chips, and SNPs were detected by observing bioluminescence. Finally, the observed data were wirelessly transmitted to the reader.